Past, present and future of Psoralea glandulosa Linn, Chilean medicinal plant, an inexhaustible resource: a literature review / Pasado, presente y futuro de Psoralea glandulosa Linn, planta medicinal chilena fuente inagotable de recursos: una revisión de la literatura

Culén is the popular term used in Chile for the only endemic species of the Fabaceae family, Psoralea glandulosaLinn. It is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in Chile and in some regions of South America, not only as a home remedy, but also recommended by medicine and widely used in the gastronomic industry. Many properties are known, supported by biological tests both in vitroand in vivo. Because it is so highly appreciated, it is included in the book "Medicamentos HerbariosTradicionales" (Traditional Herbal Medicines) of the Chilean Ministry of Health. Given the great interest in this plant since time immemorial, this review contains information on its history, popular uses and scientific studies, for a better knowledge, management and sustainable care of this Chilean natural resource.

Culén es el término popular utilizado en Chile para la única especie endémica de la familia Fabaceae, Psoralea glandulosaLinn. Se trata de una de las plantas medicinales más utilizadas en Chile y en algunas regiones de Sudamérica, no solamente como remedio curativo casero, sino también recomendada por la medicina y con amplia utilización en la industria gastronómica. De ella se conocen un gran número propiedades avaladas por ensayos biológicos tanto in vitrocomo in vivo. Por ser tan apreciada, se encuentra incluida en el libro "Medicamentos Herbarios Tradicionales" del Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Dado el gran interés que despierta esta planta desde tiempos inmemoriales, se recoge en este capítulo la información sobre su historia, usos populares y estudios científicos, para un mejor conocimiento, manejo y cuidado de manera sustentable de este recurso natural chileno.

Auto-reporte de Periodontitis en diabéticos. Estudio transversal en Montevideo, Uruguay

Objetivo: Conocer la ocurrencia de periodontitis a partir de un cuestionario de auto-reporte en una población de diabéticos en Montevideo, Uruguay. Materiales y métodos: Fueron invitados los participantes del 1er Encuentro de Diabetes en Uruguay, con diagnóstico de diabetes según auto-reporte, con al menos 18 años de edad y que firmaron el consentimiento informado. En todos los casos, fue aplicado un cuestionario con ocho preguntas previamente validadas al español de forma de estimar la ocurrencia de la Periodontits además de identificar indicadores asociados. Resultados: Un total de 37 personas respondieron el cuestionario suministrado, en su mayoría correspondientes al sexo femenino y de 45 años de edad promedio. La ocurrencia de periodontits fue del 68% de los encuestados, no existiendo diferencias significativas para el tipo de diabetes y las franjas etarias consideradas. Sin embargo las personas que presentaban periodontits tuvieron menos dientes naturales (según auto-reporte) al ser comparados con quienes no tenían periodontitis (27.5 vs. 20.4, p=0.01). Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio permiten apreciar una condición oral deficitaria en aquellos diabéticos con periodontitis auto-reportada debido a la ocurrencia elevada de la misma así como la menor cantidad de dientes naturales.

Objective: To determine the occurrence of periodontitis from a self-report questionnaire in a population of diabetics in Montevideo, Uruguay. Materials and methods: Participants of the 1st Diabetes Meeting in Uruguay, with a diagnosis of diabetes according to self-report, with at least 18 years of age and signed the informed consent, were invited. In all cases, a questionnaire with eight questions previously validated in Spanish was applied in order to estimate the occurrence of Periodontits in addition to identifying associated indicators. Results: A total of 37 people answered the supplied questionnaire, mostly corresponding to the female sex and an average age of 45 years. The occurrence of periodontitis was 68%, with no significant differences for the type of diabetes and the age groups considered. However, people with periodontitis had fewer natural teeth (according to self-report) when compared to those who did not have periodontitis (27.5 vs. 20.4, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The results of the study allow us to appreciate a poor oral condition in those diabetics with self-reported periodontitis due to its high occurrence as well as the lower number of natural teeth.

Photodegradation of oxolinic acid in aquaculture effluents under solar irradiation: is it possible to enhance efficiency by the use of TiO2/carbon quantum dots composites?

Antibiotics, such as oxolinic acid (OXA), in aquaculture effluents contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, which makes it urgent to develop efficient and sustainable processes for their removal. Aiming a photocatalytic degradation under solar radiation, different carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were produced in this work through a bottom-up hydrothermal methodology and incorporated into TiO2 by a simple calcination method. A total of thirteen materials were synthesized and tested for OXA photocatalytic removal from synthetic and real matrices. Among them, CQDs produced with citric acid and incorporated into TiO2 at 4% (w/w) (TiO2/CQDs-CA 4% (w/w)) were the most efficient photocatalysts, providing an OXA half-life time (t1/2) decrease of 91%, 79% and 85% in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), synthetic sea salts (SSS) and brackish aquaculture effluent (BAE), respectively. Therefore, the herein synthesized TiO2/CQDs-CA 4% (w/w) composites have shown to be promising materials for a sustainable solar-driven removal of antibiotics from aquaculture effluents.

Problem-solving approach to continuing health education in nursing training: an experience in hospital care.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of an educational practice of sensitization of health workers to the actions of Permanent Health Education. METHOD: This is an experience report, of a qualitative and descriptive nature, conducted through the Arc of Maguerez, in 2019, in a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases in the state of Rondônia. RESULTS: The Arc of Maguerez was an important point for intervention in the context reality, through two dynamics entitled "myths and truths" and "ludic wheel", which facilitated reflection and understanding of the role of continuing education in the services studied. CONCLUSION: Continuing education actions play a fundamental role in the construction of expertise, expanding knowledge, as they facilitate the sharing of new experiences with the team and the external public.

Sulfadiazine's photodegradation using a novel magnetic and reusable carbon based photocatalyst: Photocatalytic efficiency and toxic impacts to marine bivalves.

In the present study, waste-based biochar functionalized with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and afterwards magnetized by an ex-situ approach, defined as synthetic photosensitizer (SPS), was explored for the photocatalytic degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ), an antibiotic widely used in the aquaculture industry, under solar irradiation. The use of the SPS enhanced the photodegradation efficiency, with a half-life time (t1/2) reduction from 12.2 ± 0.1 h (without SPS) to 5.6 ± 0.4 h. The applied magnetization procedure allowed to obtain a SPS with good reusability for SDZ photodegradation even after five consecutive cycles. To evaluate the effects on marine bivalves of SDZ, before and after photodegradation and in presence or absence of the SPS, a typical bioindicator species, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, was used and different biochemical markers were analysed. Results obtained indicated that the exposure to SDZbefore irradiation, both in absence and presence of SPS, caused an increase in mussels' metabolism and defence mechanisms, evidencing great biochemical impacts. However, after irradiation (in the absence and presence of SPS), biochemical responses were similar to those observed in organisms exposed to control conditions, without SDZ. Therefore, this work provided a promising eco-friendly treatment for the removal of SDZ from aquaculture effluents.

Community Health Agents and child health care: implications for continuing education.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the main situations faced by community health agents in relation to children's health in the light of permanent education actions. METHOD: This is a research of qualitative approach, which used the Arc of Maguerez. Ten community health agents from a Primary Health Care Unit participated in the study. The following steps were addressed: observation of reality; identification of key points, and theorization. The speeches were recorded, transcribed, and their textual content was processed in the IRAMUTEQ software, using the Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: Five classes were formed, which composed three thematic blocks named as follows: child's social vulnerability in the territory; handling the child's health record, and vaccination schedule. CONCLUSION: Unveiling situations that influence the work of community health agents is essential for continuing education, as this favors assumptions applicable to daily work with resoluteness in child health.

Community Health Agents and child health care: implications for continuing education / Agentes de Salud Comunitaria en el cuidado con la salud del niño: implicaciones para la educación permanente / Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no cuidado com a saúde da criança: implicações para a educação permanente

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the main situations faced by community health agents in relation to children's health in the light of permanent education actions. Method: This is a research of qualitative approach, which used the Arc of Maguerez. Ten community health agents from a Primary Health Care Unit participated in the study. The following steps were addressed: observation of reality; identification of key points, and theorization. The speeches were recorded, transcribed, and their textual content was processed in the IRAMUTEQ software, using the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: Five classes were formed, which composed three thematic blocks named as follows: child's social vulnerability in the territory; handling the child's health record, and vaccination schedule. Conclusion: Unveiling situations that influence the work of community health agents is essential for continuing education, as this favors assumptions applicable to daily work with resoluteness in child health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las principales situaciones vividas por los agentes de salud comunitaria en lo que se refiere a la salud del niño bajo la óptica de las acciones de educación permanente. Método: Es una investigación con abordaje cualitativo que utilizó el Arco de Maguerez. Participaron del estudio 10 agentes de salud comunitaria de un Centro de Atención Primaria a la Salud. Se abordaron las etapas: observación de la realidad, identificación de las cuestiones principales y teorización. Los discursos fueron grabados, transcritos y su contenido textual fue procesado en el software IRAMUTEQ utilizando la Clasificación Descendente Jerárquica. Resultados: Resultaron cinco clases que compusieron tres grupos temáticos nombrados de la siguiente manera: vulnerabilidad social del niño en el territorio, el manejo del carné de vacunación del niño y el calendario de vacunas. Conclusión: La revelación de las situaciones que impactan el trabajo de los agentes de salud es imprescindible para la educación permanente, una vez que puede favorecer premisas aplicables en el cotidiano del trabajo con resoluciones en la salud del niño.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as principais situações enfrentadas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde em relação à saúde da criança sob a ótica das ações de educação permanente. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou o Arco de Maguerez. Participaram do estudo 10 agentes comunitários de saúde de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram abordadas as etapas: observação da realidade; identificação dos pontos-chave e teorização. Os discursos foram gravados, transcritos e seu conteúdo textual foi processado no software IRAMUTEQ, utilizando-se a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: Formaram-se cinco classes, que compuseram três blocos temáticos nomeados da seguinte forma: vulnerabilidade social da criança no território; o manuseio da caderneta de saúde da criança e o calendário vacinal. Conclusão: O desvelar das situações que impactam no trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde são imprescindíveis para a educação permanente, por favorecer pressupostos aplicáveis no cotidiano do trabalho com resolutividade na saúde da criança.

Problem-solving approach to continuing health education in nursing training: an experience in hospital care / Abordaje desafiador de la educación permanente en salud en la formación en enfermería: una experiencia en la atención hospitalaria / Abordagem problematizadora da educação permanente em saúde na formação em enfermagem: uma experiência na atenção hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the experience of an educational practice of sensitization of health workers to the actions of Permanent Health Education. Method: This is an experience report, of a qualitative and descriptive nature, conducted through the Arc of Maguerez, in 2019, in a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases in the state of Rondônia. Results: The Arc of Maguerez was an important point for intervention in the context reality, through two dynamics entitled "myths and truths" and "ludic wheel", which facilitated reflection and understanding of the role of continuing education in the services studied. Conclusion: Continuing education actions play a fundamental role in the construction of expertise, expanding knowledge, as they facilitate the sharing of new experiences with the team and the external public.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia de una práctica educativa de sensibilización de los trabajadores de salud a las acciones de Educación Permanente en Salud. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia, del tipo cualitativo y naturaleza descriptiva, conducido por medio del Arco de Maguerez, en 2019, en un hospital de referencia para tratamiento de enfermedades infectocontagiosas del estado de Rondonia, Brasil. Resultados: El Arco de Maguerez fue punto importante para la intervención en la realidad del contexto, por medio de dos dinámicas llamadas "mitos y verdades" y "ruleta lúdica", que facilitaron la reflexión y la comprensión sobre el rol de la educación permanente en los servicios estudiados. Conclusión: Las acciones de educación permanente tienen un rol fundamental en la construcción de saberes, ampliando el conocimiento, pues facilitan el compartir de nuevas experiencias con el equipo y el público externo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de uma prática educativa de sensibilização dos trabalhadores de saúde às ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de cunho qualitativo e natureza descritiva, conduzido por meio do Arco de Maguerez, no ano de 2019, em um hospital de referência para o tratamento de doenças infectocontagiosas do estado de Rondônia. Resultados: O Arco de Maguerez foi ponto importante para a intervenção na realidade do contexto, por meio de duas dinâmicas intituladas "mitos e verdades" e "roleta lúdica", que facilitaram a reflexão e a compreensão sobre o papel da educação permanente nos serviços estudados. Conclusão: As ações de educação permanente têm papel fundamental na construção de saberes, ampliando o conhecimento, por facilitar o compartilhamento de novas experiências com a equipe e o público externo.

Photodegradation of Aquaculture Antibiotics Using Carbon Dots-TiO2 Nanocomposites.

In this work, carbon dots (CD) were synthesized and coupled to titanium dioxide (TiO2) to improve the photodegradation of antibiotics in aquaculture effluents under solar irradiation. Oxolinic acid (OXA) and sulfadiazine (SDZ), which are widely used in aquaculture, were used as target antibiotics. To prepare nanocomposites of CD containing TiO2, two modes were used: in-situ (CD@TiO2) and ex-situ (CD/TiO2). For CD synthesis, citric acid and glycerol were used, while for TiO2 synthesis, titanium butoxide was the precursor. In ultrapure water (UW), CD@TiO2 and CD/TiO2 showed the largest photocatalytic effect for SDZ and OXA, respectively. Compared with their absence, the presence of CD@TiO2 increased the photodegradation of SDZ from 23 to 97% (after 4 h irradiation), whereas CD/TiO2 increased the OXA photodegradation from 22 to 59% (after 1 h irradiation). Meanwhile, in synthetic sea salts (SSS, 30‱, simulating marine aquaculture effluents), CD@TiO2 allowed for the reduction of SDZ's half-life time (t1/2) from 14.5 ± 0.7 h (in absence of photocatalyst) to 0.38 ± 0.04 h. Concerning OXA in SSS, the t1/2 remained the same either in the absence of a photocatalyst or in the presence of CD/TiO2 (3.5 ± 0.3 h and 3.9 ± 0.4 h, respectively). Overall, this study provided novel perspectives on the use of eco-friendly CD-TiO2 nanocomposites for the removal of antibiotics from aquaculture effluents using solar radiation.

Antibiotics in Aquaculture Wastewater: Is It Feasible to Use a Photodegradation-Based Treatment for Their Removal?

Aquacultures are a sector facing a huge development: farmers usually applying antibiotics to treat and/or prevent diseases. Consequently, effluents from aquaculture represent a source of antibiotics for receiving waters, where they pose a potential threat due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) induction. This has recently become a major concern and it is expectable that regulations on antibiotics' discharge will be established in the near future. Therefore, it is urgent to develop treatments for their removal from wastewater. Among the different possibilities, photodegradation under solar radiation may be a sustainable option. Thus, this review aims at providing a survey on photolysis and photocatalysis in view of their application for the degradation of antibiotics from aquaculture wastewater. Experimental facts, factors affecting antibiotics' removal and employed photocatalysts were hereby addressed. Moreover, gaps in this research area, as well as future challenges, were identified.

Endocarditis infecciosa en hospital clínico Herminda Martín de Chillán: experiencia de los últimos cinco años / Infective endocarditis at Herminda Martin clinical hospital of Chillan: last five years experience

Introducción: la endocarditis infecciosa es una afección con elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, con una incidencia en Chile de 2-3 casos por 100.000 habitantes al año, con una edad de presentación en ascenso y una clínica diversa e inespecífica que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario para el manejo de estos pacientes. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, se consideró el número total de fichas clínicas del hospital clínico Herminda Martín de Chillán durante los años 2015 al 2019, con diagnóstico confirmado de endocarditis infecciosa. Los datos se registraron en la hoja de recolección de datos elaborada, realizándose los análisis estadísticos pertinentes. Resultados:la muestra (n=17) que pudo ser analizada tenía una edad promedio de 53,5 años; 70,5% (DE 14,50) fueron hombres y el agente más común identificado fue Staphylococcus aureus sensible a meticilina. En promedio los pacientes recibieron 28,8 días de antibióticos y la válvula más afectada fue la aórtica. Conclusiones: la endocarditis infecciosa es una patología con una gran morbimortalidad, que presenta un cuadro clínico inespecífico capaz de simular cualquier enfermedad. Se requieren aún de más estudios que reflejen la realidad nacional.

Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a condition with high morbidity and mortality, with an incidence in Chile of 2-3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, with increasing age of presentation and a diverse and nonspecific clinic that requires multidisciplinary management for treatment of these patients. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational study, the total number of clinical records of the Herminda Martín de Chillán clinical hospital during the years 2015 to 2019, with a confirmed diagnosis of infective endocarditis, was considered. The data were recorded in the data collection sheet prepared, performing the relevant statistical analyses. Results: The sample (n = 17) that could be analysed had an average age of 53.5 years (DS 14.50), 70.5% were men, and the most common agent identified was methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. On average, patients received 28.8 days of antibiotics, and the most affected valve was the aortic valve. Conclusions: Infective endocarditis is a pathology with high morbidity and mortality, which presents a nonspecific clinical spectrum, capable of simulating any disease. Still, more studies are required that reflect the national reality

Giant steps: adhesion and locomotion in theraphosid tarantulas.

Theraphosid tarantulas are large spiders that bear dense hairy adhesive pads on the distal parts of their legs: scopula and claw tufts. These structures allow them to climb on vertical smooth surfaces and contribute to prey capture. While adult females and juveniles remain most of the time in their burrows, adult males actively walk searching for females during the reproductive period. Adhesion and locomotion thus play important roles in the ecology and reproduction of these animals. In this paper, we review the current state of the knowledge on adhesion and locomotion in tarantulas, focusing on functional and evolutionary morphology.

Educação permanente na prática da enfermagem: integração entre ensino e serviço / Educación continua en la practica de enfermeria: integración entre enseñanza y servicio / Continuing education in nursing practice: integration between education and service

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência da Educação Permanente em Saúde na formação de acadêmicos de enfermagem integrando o ensino com o serviço de enfermagem. Desenvolvimento: relato de experiência sobre a prática de educação desenvolvida no hospital na capital de Rondônia, realizada no período entre abril e junho de 2019. Ela aconteceu em quatro momentos: troca de experiência entre os envolvidos; problematização das práticas; plano de intervenções; e avaliação. A implantação da educação permanente em saúde foi fundamental para a qualificação dos serviços, porém, registram-se dificuldades na execução, especialmente devido à forma da organização do trabalho hospitalar. Conclusão: a educação permanente em saúde no estágio supervisionado permitiu a criação de espaços de reflexão com a equipe, contribuindo para a ampliação do diálogo, compreensão da realidade e inclusão de estratégias facilitadoras ao trabalho da enfermagem.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de la educación continua en salud en la educación de estudiantes de enfermería integrando la enseñanza con el servicio de enfermería. Desenvolvimiento: informe de experiencia sobre la práctica de educación desarrollada en el hospital de la capital de Rondônia, realizada entre abril y junio de 2019. Sucedió en cuatro momentos: intercambio de experiencias entre los involucrados; problematización de las prácticas; plan de intervención; y evaluación. La implementación de la educación continua en salud fue fundamental para la calificación de los servicios, sin embargo, hay dificultades en la ejecución, especialmente debido a la forma en que el trabajo hospitalario es organizado. Conclusión: la formación continua en salud en las prácticas supervisadas permitió la creación de espacios de reflexión con el equipo, contribuyendo a la expansión del diálogo, la comprensión de la realidad y la inclusión de estrategias que faciliten el trabajo de enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of continuing education in health in the training of nursing undergraduate students focused on integrating nursing education and nursing service. Development: experience report on the educational practice carried out at a hospital in the capital of the state of Rondônia, Brazil, between April and June 2019. It had four stages: exchange of experiences between the involved people; problematization of the practices; intervention plan; and evaluation. Implementing continuing education in health was fundamental to qualification of the services. However, there were difficulties during the execution of the practice, especially because of the way the hospital work was organized. Conclusion: continuing education in health in supervised internships allowed the creation of reflection spaces with the team, which contributed to intensifying dialogue, increasing the understanding of the reality, and including strategies that facilitate the nursing work.

Educação permanente nas unidades hospitalares referência no tratamento de doenças infectocontagiosas: um olhar das trabalhadoras de Enfermagem / Continuing education in reference hospitals in the treatment of infectious diseases: a perspective of nursing workers

A Educação permanente em saúde pode ser uma estratégia de fortalecimento das práticas cotidianas da enfermagem no ambiente destinado ao cuidado com o paciente hospitalizado. Acontece por meio da relação dialógica e contínua entre os trabalhadores, que buscam o alcance da aprendizagem significativa. Esta aprendizagem se caracteriza pela interação cognitiva do conhecimento novo com os conhecimentos prévios dos trabalhadores, proporcionando o significado consciente do contexto no qual o educando, trabalhador de saúde, está inserido. Por isso acredita-se na contribuição das concepções de Paulo Freire, para compreensão da educação implementada nos serviços de saúde. O autor que caminhou na política e na educação, concebe numa perspectiva coletiva e libertadora a vivência dos homens no mundo do trabalho, considerando-os como sujeito de sua própria prática. No trabalho da enfermagem percebe-se o desenvolvimento da EPS como atividade de cunho técnico-gerencial que viabiliza a continuidade e a organização do trabalho. Em face das lacunas encontradas no decorrer do levantamento dos estudos correlatos, tornou-se necessário para esta tese o objeto deste estudo a respeito das práticas de educação permanente em saúde no contexto do cotidiano de trabalho da enfermagem em um hospital de referência em doenças infectocontagiosas. Para tanto, a questão que norteia este estudo é: Questionamo-nos como se desenvolve as atividades de educação permanente em saúde no cotidiano de trabalho da enfermagem no hospital de referência em doenças infectocontagiosas? Objetivo: Compreender o significado da educação permanente em saúde pela equipe de enfermagem do Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, CEMETRON. Analisar as práticas de educação permanente em saúde realizadas durante o cotidiano do trabalho da enfermagem Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, CEMETRON. Explicar o desenvolvimento das estratégias de educação permanente em saúdes identificadas no cotidiano do trabalho da enfermagem, Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, CEMETRON à luz da perspectiva de Paulo Freire Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza explicativa fundamentada na perspectiva Freiriana sobre a educação. O estudo teve como cenário o Centro de Medicina Tropical ­ CEMETRON, unidade hospitalar escolhida para o estudo. Este hospital é caracterizado como Unidade de Assistência de Alta Complexidade, localizada no município de Porto Velho, capital do Estado de Rondônia, região Norte do Brasil. O manejo dos usuários exige um cuidado e tratamento diferenciado, por envolver complexidades advindas da particularidade de cada indivíduo e comunidade que necessitam do acesso deste serviço. No ano de 2020 tornou-se também referência para os casos de Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (COVID-19). Participaram deste estudo os técnicos de enfermagem e os enfermeiros que atuavam no setor de clínica médica masculina e feminina, bem como no Núcleo de Educação Permanente do CEMETRON. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de setembro de 2018 a junho de 2019, através da entrevista semi-estruturada, observação participante e a utilização documental. Para a organização, tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ®, por meio da classificação hierárquica descendente, analise fatorial por correspondência, software excel, notas de campos. Os resultados foram triangulados e analisados sob a perspectiva freiriana no que diz respeito à educação. Seguiu-se os procedimentos éticos, o estudo está aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP da EEAN/HESF/UFRJ), sob o parecer 2.895.484 e CAAE 96065618.0.0000.5238. Resultados: No que tange a caracterização dos 32 participantes do estudo, identificou-se que a predominância do sexo feminino (87,5%), na faixa etária entre 30 a 49 anos (81,24%). Quanto à categoria profissional, o quantitativo de técnicos de enfermagem (37,50%) foi superior ao de enfermeiros (62,50%), proporção relacionada à organização do processo de trabalho. Quanto a sua formação profissional, os participantes estão formados de 5 a 14 anos (65,63%), trabalham no hospital, local da pesquisa, de 5 até 9 anos (59,39%) e possuem dois vínculos empregatícios (62,5%). Dos resultados triangulados emergiram dois blocos temáticos, sendo que o primeiro bloco temático intitulou-se: Participação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem nas estratégias de educação permanente em saúde e a aprendizagem significativa no contexto hospitalar. Este bloco agregou as classes 1, que representou 31,31% dos segmentos de texto, possui 392 ST do total de 1.252 segmentos do corpus textual e classe 2, representando 31,15%, ou seja, 390 com aproveitamento do total de 1.252. E o segundo bloco temático com titulo: A EPS no enfrentamento das situações problema no cuidado ao paciente no cotidiano do trabalho constitui este bloco a classe 3, representa 13,34% de representatividade dentre todas as classes e 167 segmentos de textos de um total de 1.252 e a classe 4 possui 24,2% do total de ST, 303 de aproveitamento de segmentos de texto do total de 1.252. Conclusão: A participação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem é parte primordial do processo de educação permanente, acontece de forma problematizadoras, com estratégias que facilite principalmente o diálogo. Os trabalhadores de enfermagem desenvolvem a educação permanente no durante o cotidiano do trabalho de diferentes formas. Através da análise compreende-se que as estratégias de EPS estão principalmente relacionadas ao cuidado ao usuário internado que necessita do uso de medicações, que neste ambiente hospitalar, está relatado como de alta complexidade, por existir riscos desde o preparo até os momentos após a administração destes fármacos. Entende-se que esta é a principal situação problema disparadora da EPS e tudo isto é problematizado, durante encontros considerados informais, por meio de conversas, nas visitas leito a leito, durante a pausa para o descanso, são realizadas anotações sobre as situações. Estes enfrentamentos acontecem no próprio ambiente de trabalho, utilizando-se da EPS, aprendendo e ensinando mutualmente. Concluímos que o desenvolvimento das estratégias de EPS vai ao encontro da perspectiva de Paulo Freire, respondendo aos objetivos do estudo.

Continuing health education can be a strategy to strengthen daily nursing practices in the environment dedicated to the care of hospitalized patients. It happens through the dialogic and continuous relationship between workers, who seek to achieve meaningful learning. This learning is characterized by the cognitive interaction of new knowledge with the workers' previous knowledge, providing the conscious meaning of the context in which the student, health worker, is inserted. Therefore, we believe in the contribution of Paulo Freire conceptions to the understanding of the education implemented in health services. The author, who walked in politics and education, conceives, in a collective and liberating perspective, the experience of men in the world of work, considering them as subjects of their own practice. In nursing work, the development of EPS is perceived as a technical-managerial activity that enables the continuity and organization of work. In view of the gaps found during the survey of related studies, it became necessary for this thesis the object of this study regarding the practices of permanent health education in the context of daily nursing work in a reference hospital for infectious diseases. Therefore, the question that guides this study is: Do we ask ourselves how permanent health education activities are developed in the daily work of nursing at the reference hospital for infectious diseases? Objective: To understand the meaning of permanent health education by the nursing staff at the Rondônia Tropical Medicine Center, CEMETRON. To analyze the practices of permanent health education carried out during the daily work of nursing at the Rondônia Tropical Medicine Center, CEMETRON. To explain the development of permanent health education strategies identified in the daily work of nursing, Tropical Medicine Center of Rondônia, CEMETRON in the light of Paulo Freire perspective. Methodology: This is an explanatory qualitative research based on the Freiriana perspective on education. The study took place at the Tropical Medicine Center ­ CEMETRON, the hospital unit chosen for the study. This hospital is characterized as a High Complexity Care Unit, located in the city of Porto Velho, capital of the State of Rondônia, in the North of Brazil. The handling of users requires special care and treatment, as it involves complexities arising from the particularity of each individual and community that need access to this service. In 2020, it also became a reference for cases of Human Infection by the new Coronavirus (COVID-19). Nursing technicians and nurses who worked in the male and female medical clinic, as well as in the Center for Continuing Education at CEMETRON, participated in this study. Data collection took place from September 2018 to June 2019, through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary use. For the organization and processing of data, the IRAMUTEQ® software was used, through descending hierarchical classification, factor analysis by correspondence, Excel software, field notes. The results were triangulated and analyzed from the Freiriana perspective with regard to education. The ethical procedures were followed, the study is approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP of EEAN/HESF/UFRJ), under opinion 2.895.484 and CAAE 96065618.0.0000.5238. Results: Regarding the characterization of the 32 study participants, it was identified that the predominance of females (87.5%), aged between 30 and 49 years (81.24%). As for the professional category, the number of nursing technicians (37.50%) was higher than that of nurses (62.50%), a proportion related to the organization of the work process. As for their professional training, the participants have graduated from 5 to 14 years (65.63%), work at the hospital, research site, from 5 to 9 years (59.39%) and have two employment relationships (62.5 %). From the triangulated results, two thematic blocks emerged, the first thematic block being entitled: Participation of nursing workers in permanent health education strategies and meaningful learning in the hospital context. This block aggregated classes 1, which represented 31.31% of the text segments, has 392 ST out of a total of 1,252 textual corpus segments, and class 2, representing 31.15%, that is, 390 using a total of 1,252. And the second thematic block with the title: EPS in coping with problem situations in patient care in daily work, this block is class 3, representing 13.34% of representation among all classes and 167 text segments out of a total of 1,252 and class 4 has 24.2% of the total ST, 303 of text segments out of the total of 1,252. Conclusion: The participation of nursing workers is a fundamental part of the continuing education process, it happens in a problematic way, with strategies that mainly facilitate dialogue. Nursing workers develop permanent education during their daily work in different ways. Through the analysis, it is understood that the EPS strategies are mainly related to the care of the hospitalized user who needs the use of medications, which in this hospital environment, is reported as highly complex, as there are risks from the preparation to the moments after administration of these drugs. It is understood that this is the main situation that triggers EPS and all this is problematized, during meetings considered informal, through conversations, in bed-to-bed visits, during the rest break, notes are made about the situations. These confrontations take place in the work environment, using the EPS, learning and teaching mutually. We conclude that the development of EPS strategies is in line with Paulo Freire's perspective, responding to the objectives of the study.

La educación continua en salud puede ser una estrategia para fortalecer las prácticas diarias de enfermería en el entorno dedicadas al cuidado de los pacientes hospitalizados. Ocurre a través de la relación dialógica y continua entre los trabajadores, que buscan lograr un aprendizaje significativo. Este aprendizaje se caracteriza por la interacción cognitiva de nuevos conocimientos con los conocimientos previos de los trabajadores, proporcionando el significado consciente del contexto en el que se inserta el estudiante, trabajador de la salud. Por tanto, creemos en la contribución de las concepciones de Paulo Freire a la comprensión de la educación implementada en los servicios de salud. El autor, que caminó en la política y la educación, concibe, en una perspectiva colectiva y liberadora, la experiencia de los hombres en el mundo del trabajo, considerándolos como sujetos de su propia práctica. En el trabajo de enfermería, el desarrollo de la EPS se percibe como una actividad técnico-gerencial que posibilita la continuidad y organización del trabajo. Ante las lagunas encontradas durante la encuesta de estudios afines, se hizo necesario para esta tesis el objeto de este estudio sobre las prácticas de educación permanente en salud en el contexto del trabajo diario de enfermería en un hospital de referencia en enfermedades infecciosas. Por tanto, la pregunta que orienta este estudio es: ¿Nos preguntamos cómo se desarrollan las actividades de educación permanente en salud en el quehacer diario de la enfermería en el hospital de referencia en enfermedades infecciosas? Objetivo: Comprender el significado de la educación permanente en salud por parte del personal de enfermería del Centro de Medicina Tropical Rondônia, CEMETRON. Analizar las prácticas de educación permanente en salud que se llevan a cabo durante el trabajo diario de la enfermería en el Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, CEMETRON. Explicar el desarrollo de estrategias de educación permanente en salud identificadas en el quehacer diario de la enfermería, Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, CEMETRON a la luz de la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa explicativa basada en la perspectiva freiriana de la educación. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Medicina Tropical - CEMETRON, la unidad hospitalaria elegida para el estudio. Este hospital se caracteriza por ser una Unidad de Atención de Alta Complejidad, ubicada en la ciudad de Porto Velho, capital del Estado de Rondônia, en la región norte de Brasil. El manejo de los usuarios requiere un cuidado y trato especial, ya que implica complejidades derivadas de la particularidad de cada individuo y comunidad que necesita acceder a este servicio. En 2020, también se convirtió en referencia para los casos de Infección humana por el nuevo Coronavirus (COVID-19). En este estudio participaron técnicos de enfermería y enfermeras que laboraron en la clínica médica masculina y femenina, así como en el Centro de Educación Continua del CEMETRON. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo desde septiembre de 2019 hasta junio de 2020, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y uso documental. Para la organización y procesamiento de los datos se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ®, mediante clasificación jerárquica descendente, análisis factorial por correspondencia, software Excel, notas de campo. Los resultados se triangularon y analizaron desde la perspectiva freiriana con respecto a la educación. Se siguieron los procedimientos éticos, el estudio es aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación (CEP de EEAN / HESF / UFRJ), bajo opinión 2.895.484 y CAAE 96065618.0.0000.5238. Resultados: En cuanto a la caracterización de los 32 participantes del estudio, se identificó el predominio del sexo femenino (87,5%), con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 49 años (81,24%). En cuanto a la categoría profesional, el número de técnicos de enfermería (37,50%) fue superior al de enfermeras (62,50%), proporción relacionada con la organización del proceso de trabajo. En cuanto a su formación profesional, los participantes tienen egresados de 5 a 14 años (65,63%), laboran en el hospital, centro de investigación, de 5 a 9 años (59,39%) y tienen dos relaciones laborales (62,5%). De los resultados triangulados surgieron dos bloques temáticos, siendo el primer bloque temático: Participación del personal de enfermería en estrategias de educación permanente en salud y aprendizaje significativo en el contexto hospitalario. Este bloque agrega las clases 1, que representaron el 31,31% de los segmentos de texto, tiene 392 ST de un total de 1252 segmentos de corpus textuales, y la clase 2, que representa el 31,15%, es decir, 390 para un total de 1252. Y el segundo bloque temático con el título: EPS en el afrontamiento de situaciones problemáticas en la atención al paciente en el trabajo diario, este bloque es de clase 3, que representa el 13,34% de representación entre todas las clases y 167 segmentos de texto de un total de 1.252 y la clase 4 tiene 24,2% del ST total, 303 de los segmentos de texto del total de 1.252. Conclusión: La participación de los trabajadores de enfermería es parte fundamental del proceso de educación continua, se da de manera problemática, con estrategias que facilitan principalmente el diálogo. Los trabajadores de enfermería desarrollan la educación permanente durante su trabajo diario de diferentes formas. A través del análisis, se entiende que las estrategias de EPS se relacionan principalmente con la atención del usuario hospitalizado que necesita el uso de medicamentos, lo cual en este ámbito hospitalario, se reporta como de alta complejidad, ya que existen riesgos desde la preparación hasta los momentos después de la administración de estos medicamentos. Se entiende que esta es la situación principal que desencadena EPS y todo esto se problematiza, durante reuniones consideradas informales, a través de conversaciones, en visitas de cama a cama, durante el descanso, se toman notas sobre las situaciones. Estos enfrentamientos se dan en el ámbito laboral, utilizando la EPS, aprendiendo y enseñando mutuamente. Concluimos que el desarrollo de estrategias de EPS está en la línea de lá perspectiva de Paulo Freire, respondiendo a los objetivos del estudio.

Corrination of a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Glycemic Control without Emesis.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus often produce nausea, vomiting, and in some patients, undesired anorexia. Notably, these behavioral effects are caused by direct central GLP-1R activation. Herein, we describe the creation of a GLP-1R agonist conjugate with modified brain penetrance that enhances GLP-1R-mediated glycemic control without inducing vomiting. Covalent attachment of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (Ex4) to dicyanocobinamide (Cbi), a corrin ring containing precursor of vitamin B12, produces a "corrinated" Ex4 construct (Cbi-Ex4). Data collected in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus), an emetic mammal, reveal beneficial effects of Cbi-Ex4 relative to Ex4, as evidenced by improvements in glycemic responses in glucose tolerance tests and a profound reduction of emetic events. Our findings highlight the potential for clinical use of Cbi-Ex4 for millions of patients seeking improved glycemic control without common side effects (e.g., emesis) characteristic of current GLP-1 therapeutics.